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Features and maintenance of crane wire rope

Features and maintenance of crane wire rope
Abstract: The wire rope is one of the important parts of the lifting machinery. It is widely used for the lifting mechanism, the amplitude mechanism, and the traction mechanism of the machine heavy machine. It can also be used for rotating mechanisms. The wire rope has a variety of structural forms. Generally, the wire contact wire rope should be preferred. The commonly used rope core is a fiber core. The front rope core is immersed in lubricating oil, which can reduce the damage caused by the friction between the wire. High -temperature operation should be twisted with a metal core or soft steel wire. Galvanized wire ropes should be used when working in corrosive environments. The main reason for the broken steel rope is overloaded, and it is also related to the number of wearing wounds in the pulley and roll. Each time the steel wire rope is worn, it will produce a process from direct curvature and then straightening. Broken; secondly, the broken steel rope is related to the diameter, working environment, working type, and maintenance of the wheels and rolls.

The steel wire rope is one of the important parts of the lifting machinery.with advantages of good deflection, large carrying capacity, no noise transmission, because the steel wire break in the rope stock is gradually generated. Generally, the whole steel wire is broken suddenly, so the work is more reliable. Therefore, it is widely used for the rising mechanism, the amplitude mechanism, and the traction agency of the machine heavy machine. It can also be used for rotating mechanisms.

There are two types of rope stocks of steel wire ropes:
Round -shaped steel wire rope -After the steel wire is twisted into the stock, the stock is twisted around the rope. Easy to manufacture, mostly used in ordinary steel wire ropes; heterogeneous stock wire rope -its form is triangular stocks, ellipse stocks, compacted strand, etc. This steel wire rope is dense than round strand wire rope, the tensile strength and support surface, as well as friction-resistant is more arge, the service life is about three times higher than the round strand wire rope, but the manufacturing is complicated, so it is not commonly used. Generally, the wire contact wire rope should be preferred. The wire contact wire rope has small contact stress, small wear, and long service life. It is easy to slide between the wires and improves the advantages of the wire rope.
The commonly used rope core is a fiber core, it's should be lubricated rope core before making rope, which can reduce the damage caused by the friction between the wires. High-temperature operation should be twisted with a metal core or soft steel wire. Galvanized wire ropes should be used when working in corrosive environments. During the operation, the inner and outer layers of each steel wire rope are distributed. The stress characteristics are different, and the force is quite complicated. Even if the stretching force is the simplest level, the wire rope may show different stress distribution. On the other hand, bending stress occurs when the wire rope is wound from the reel and pulley, the stress will be bent, and there will be mutual squeezing force between the wires. In this complicated case, it is difficult for operators to use accurate standards to calculate the wire rope rope. Therefore, static computation is usually adopted. After research, the overload is the dominant factor that causes the steel wire rope to be broken. The number of wounds of steel wires is closely related to the broken situation of the wire rope. Every time wear it, The wire rope will bend from straight, and then straight from the bend, the more times, the more serious the damage and breaking phenomenon; In addition, steel wire by pass pulley, drum diameter, operation type and site conditions, maintenance and other conditions also have a certain connection with the breaking of the wire rope.

1 The main protection measures of the wire rope during use
① The crane should be operated strictly according to the rated weight, and the qualified steel wire rope should be selected according to the operating category and on-site conditions. Select the wire rope with a qualified certificate to avoid restricting the performance of mechanical performance due to the quality of the wire rope that does not meet the standard.
② If the wire rope is damaged or chemically corroded, its performance will be greatly affected. During the construction stage, lubricated wire rope regularly, and the appearance quality should be checked frequently. Pay attention to the dead ends that are not easy to approach or not easy to observe during lubrication, such as the wire rope at the balance wheel.
③ Be careful not to distort them when the wire rope is rolled. During the process of installing the wire rope, try to drag the wires in a clean place. The rope should not be wrapped around other objects to prevent the rope from bending or being scratched; try to install it with a wooden wheel. When the wire rope is cut off, there should be measures to prevent rope stocks from spreading.
④ Do not make the wire rope suddenly impact during operation. Careful crane drivers always tighten the wire rope slowly before hanging the equipment, make the tension of the wire rope close to the weight of the lifting weight, which can greatly reduce the dynamic load. The sudden unloading of the crane in the air also has a great effect on some cranes. If the lanyard breaks suddenly and the lifting weight falls suddenly, it is possible to cause serious accidents in which some cranes tip backwards. When the crane is used to turn over parts, the impact load of the crane and the steel wire rope is also large, which has a great damage to the steel wire rope.
The steel wire rope used on site construction is inspected every day. The fixed connection and balance wheels of the end are the quality nodes of the test. After the inspection, the inspectors need to comprehensively judge their safety.

2 Standards for scrapped wire rope
① The crane wire rope accounted for one -tenth of its total wire in a twisted steel wire. For example, the rope 6X19= 114 wire, if the 12 wire is broken, the wire rope needs to be scrapped; like a rope 6X37 = 222 wire, once 22 wires are broken, the wire rope should be scrapped. Some wire ropes are composed of thick and small wires, then 1 wire is counted as 1, and 1 thick wire is 1.7. The whole strand should be scrapped. For structural steel wire ropes in line with ISO2408 (Characteristics of Steel Wire Ropes for General Use), the number of broken wires for scrap shall be executed according to the number specified in GB5972-86.
② The wire rope has obvious corrosion and should be scrapped. The radial or corrosion amount of the steel wire exceeds 40% of the original diameter, and it should be scrapped. When less than 40%, the number of small size diameter can be reduced according to regulations. When the diameter of the wire rope is reduced by 7% or more compared to the nominal diameter, the wire rope should be scrapped even if the wire is not found.
③ The number of scrap wires of steel wire rope used by hoisting machinery to lift hot metal or dangerous goods shall be one-half of the scrap standard of steel wire rope used by general cranes
④ Hemp core exposed should be scrapped, Local outer steel wire elongation cage state should be scrapped.

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